一，设计背景
由于所在公司ORACLE数据库较多，传统人工监控表空间的方式较耗时，且无法记录历史表空间数据，无法判断每日表空间增长量，在没有gridcontrol/cloudcontrol软件的情况下，笔者设计如下表空间监控方案，大家也可以根据自己的实际情况对下面的方案进行修改。
二，设计思路
通过dblink将来查询到的表空间数据集中汇总到一张表里通过crontab跑定时任务从各台服务器获取表空间使用情况信息。
三，具体实施步骤
1.所在oracle数据库ip地址信息（下面为举例说明具体情况要根据所在环境设置）
2.在tbsmonitor主机上创建tbsmonitor表空间
create tablespace tbsmonitor datafile '/opt/u01/app/oradata/tbsmonitor/tsmonitor.dbf' size 50M autoextend on;
3.在tbsmonitor和database1/database2/database3上建立tbsmonitor用户用来做表空间监控。
create user tsmonitor identified by I11m8cb default tablespace tsmonitor;
4.为了tbsmonitor用户赋权用来查找表空间使用情况。
grant resource to tbsmonitor; grant create session to tbsmonitor; grant create table to tbsmonitor; grant select on dba_data_files to tbsmonitor; grant select on dba_free_space to tbsmonitor;
5.在tbsmonitor上建立database1/ database2/ database3的tnsnames.ora连接，在tnsnames.ora文件中加入
DATABASE1 =
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.21.1)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=(SID= database1)))
DATABASE2 =
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.21.2)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=(SID= database2)))
DATABASE3 =
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.21.3)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=(SID= database3)))
6.修改/etc/hosts文件，如果有dns服务器的话可以略过
10.1.21.2 database1 10.1.21.3 database2 10.1.21.4 database3
7.在tbsmonitor主机设置dblink，这样就能通过dblink从被监控服务器远程抽取表空间信息。
create database link TO_DATABASE1 connect to TSMONITOR identified by I11m08cb using 'DATABASE1'; create database link TO_DATABASE2 connect to TSMONITOR identified by I11m08cb using 'DATABASE2'; create database link TO_DATABASE3 connect to TSMONITOR identified by I11m08cb using 'DATABASE3';
8.建立tbsmonitor表，表空间统计数据将插入这张表。
create table tbsmonitor.tbsmonitor ( ipaddress VARCHAR2(200), instancename VARCHAR2(200), tablespace_name VARCHAR2(200), datafile_count NUMBER, size_mb NUMBER, free_mb NUMBER, used_mb NUMBER, maxfree NUMBER, pct_used NUMBER, pct_free NUMBER, time DATE ) tablespace tbsmonitor;
9. 在crontab中运行每日0点1分更新数据库表空间信息的脚本tbsmonitor.sh（我根据业务需要每日统计一次，大家也可以通过业务要求修改统计频率）
1 0 * * * /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor.sh
#!/bin/bash #FileName: tbsmonitor.sh #CreateDate:2016-01-1 #version:1.0 #Discription:take the basic information to insert into the table tbs_usage # Author:FUZHOU HOT #Email:15980219172@139.com ORACLE_SID= tbsmonitor ORACLE_BASE=/opt/u01/app ORACLE_HOME=/opt/u01/app/oracle PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export PATH export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME date>>/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor.sh sqlplus sys/I11m08cb as sysdba <<EOF >> /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor.log 2>&1 @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/ tbsmonitor.sql; @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database1.sql; @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database2.sql; @/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database3.sql; EOF echo >> /opt/u01/app/oracle/ tbsmonitor.log
11.创建插入脚本（拿database1举例，以此类推）
/opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database1.sql; /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database2.sql; /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/database3.sql; /opt/u01/app/oracle/tbsmonitor/ tbsmonitor.sql;
Sql脚本如下
insert into tsmonitor.tbsmonitor SELECT utl_inaddr.get_host_address('DATABASE1') ipaddress,
(select instance_name from v$instance) instancename,
df.tablespace_name,
COUNT(*) datafile_count,
ROUND(SUM(df.BYTES) / 1048576) size_mb,
ROUND(SUM(free.BYTES) / 1048576, 2) free_mb,
ROUND(SUM(df.BYTES) / 1048576 - SUM(free.BYTES) / 1048576, 2) used_mb,
ROUND(MAX(free.maxbytes) / 1048576, 2) maxfree,
100 - ROUND(100.0 * SUM(free.BYTES) / SUM(df.BYTES), 2) pct_used,
ROUND(100.0 * SUM(free.BYTES) / SUM(df.BYTES), 2) pct_free,sysdate time
FROM dba_data_files@TO_DATABASE1 df,
(SELECT tablespace_name,
file_id,
SUM(BYTES) BYTES,
MAX(BYTES) maxbytes
FROM dba_free_space@TO_DATABASE1
GROUP BY tablespace_name, file_id) free
WHERE df.tablespace_name = free.tablespace_name(+)
AND df.file_id = free.file_id(+)
GROUP BY df.tablespace_name
ORDER BY 6;
12.查看表空间使用占比可以使用如下语句(如果要查看某台机器可以带上条件where ipaddress='xxxx' and instance='xxxxx' and to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='xxxx-xx-xx')
SELECT IPADDRESS ,
Instancename,
tablespace_name,
datafile_count,
size_mb "表空间大小(M)",
used_mb "已使用空间(M)",
TO_CHAR(ROUND((used_mb) / size_mb * 100,
2),
'990.99') "使用比",
free_mb "空闲空间(M)"
FROM tbsmonitor. tbsmonitor order by "使用比" desc
13.查看每日增量可以使用如下脚本。（下面显示的是4-8日10.1.21.2表空间增长的情况）
select a.tablespace_name,(b.used_mb-a.used_mb) increase,a.ipaddress from (select * from tsmonitor.tbs_usage where to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='2016-01-04') a, (select * from tsmonitor.tbs_usage where to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='2016-01-08') b where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.IPADDRESS=b.IPADDRESS order by increase desc select * from tbsmonitor. tbsmonitor where ipaddress='10.1.21.2' and to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd')='2016-01-08'
